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What is epilepsy?

What is epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that shows itself through different types of seizures. Discover the basics, causes and treatments.

Overview

Epilepsy is a neurological condition in which repeated seizures occur due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Causes

Genetics, brain injury, infections, developmental disorders or unknown causes. For many people there is no clear cause.

Symptoms

From brief absences and tremors to full loss of consciousness. Seizures differ greatly from person to person.

Diagnosis

EEG, MRI, blood tests and a detailed medical history together form the basis of the diagnosis.

Types

Focal, generalised and unknown-onset seizures. Each type requires an adapted approach.

Medication

Anti-epileptic drugs help about 70% of people. Diet, neurostimulation or surgery are also options.

Myths & facts

True or false?

Myth
you should put something in the mouth during a seizure.
Fact
never do this. It can damage teeth and airways.
Myth
people with epilepsy cannot work.
Fact
most work normally, sometimes with small adjustments.
Myth
epilepsy is a mental illness.
Fact
it is a neurological condition.
Myth
every seizure is an emergency.
Fact
call 112 only for prolonged (>5 min) or repeated seizures.
Frequently asked questions

Answers to questions we often receive from patients and families.

Medical disclaimer

This website does not replace medical advice. When in doubt, always contact your doctor or neurologist.